SQL到MongoDB的映射图表

在本页面
​术语和概念​
​可执行性文件​
​例子​
​进一步阅读​
除了下面的图表之外，您可能需要考虑有关MongoDB的常见问题的常见问题部分。
术语和概念
下表介绍了各种SQL术语和概念以及相应的MongoDB术语和概念。
SQL术语/概念
MongoDB术语/概念
database
​database​
table
​collection​
row
​document or BSON document
column
​field​
index
​index​
table joins
​$lookup, 嵌入文档
primary key
（指定任何唯一的列或列组合作为主键。）
​primary key
（在MongoDB中，主键自动设置为_id字段。）
aggregation (e.g. group by)
aggregation pipeline
See the SQL to Aggregation Mapping Chart.
SELECT INTO NEW_TABLE
​$out
See the SQL to Aggregation Mapping Chart.
MERGE INTO TABLE
​$merge (Available starting in MongoDB 4.2)
See the SQL to Aggregation Mapping Chart.
Transactions
​transactions
在许多情况下，非规范化数据模型（嵌入式文档和数组）
将继续是您数据和用例的最佳选择，而不是多文档事务。
也就是说，在许多情况下，对数据进行适当的建模将最
大程度地减少对多文档交易的需求。

可执行文件
下表展示了一些数据库可执行文件和相应的MongoDB可执行文件。这个表格并不是详尽无遗的。
​
MongoDB
MySQL
Oracle
Informix
DB2
Database Server
​mongod​
mysqld
oracle
IDS
DB2 Server
Database Client
​mongo​
mysql
sqlplus
DB-Access
DB2 Client
例子
下表展示了各种SQL语句和相应的MongoDB语句。表中的例子假设以下条件:
SQL示例假设有一个名为people的表。
MongoDB示例假设一个名为people的集合，它包含以下原型的文档:
 { 
       _id: ObjectId("509a8fb2f3f4948bd2f983a0"),
       user_id: "abc123",
       age: 55,
       status: 'A'
 }
创建和修改
下表展示了与表级操作相关的各种SQL语句以及相应的MongoDB语句。
SQL Schema语句
MongoDB Schema语句
CREATE TABLE people (
    id MEDIUMINT NOT NULL
        AUTO_INCREMENT,
    user_id Varchar(30),
    age Number,
    status char(1),
    PRIMARY KEY (id)
)
隐式创建的第一个insertOne()或insertMany()操作。如果没有指定_id字段，则会自动添加主键_id。
db.people.insertOne( {
    user_id: "abc123",
    age: 55,
    status: "A"
 } )
但是，您也可以显式地创建一个集合:
db.createCollection("people")
ALTER TABLE people
ADD join_date DATETIME
集合不描述或不强制其文件结构； 即在集合级别没有结构上的更改。
但是，在文档级别，updateMany()操作可以使用$set运算符将字段添加到现有文档中。
db.people.updateMany(
    { },
    { $set: { join_date: new Date() } }
)
ALTER TABLE people
DROP COLUMN join_date
集合不描述或不强制其文件结构； 即在集合级别没有结构上的更改。
但是，在文档级别，updateMany()操作可以使用$unset运算符将字段添加到现有文档中。
db.people.updateMany(
    { },
    { $unset: { "join_date": "" } }
)
CREATE INDEX idx_user_id_asc
ON people(user_id)
db.people.createIndex( { user_id: 1 } )
CREATE INDEX
       idx_user_id_asc_age_desc
ON people(user_id, age DESC)
db.people.createIndex( { user_id: 1, age: -1 } )
DROP TABLE people
db.people.drop()
有关使用的方法和运算符的更多信息，请参见：
​
​
​
​db.collection.insertOne()​
​db.collection.updateMany()​
​$set​
​db.collection.insertMany()​
​db.collection.createIndex()​
​$unset​
​db.createCollection()​
​db.collection.drop()​
​
另看：
​Databases and Collections​
​Documents​
​Indexes​
​Data Modeling Concepts​
插入
下表显示了与将记录插入表和相应的MongoDB语句有关的各种SQL语句。
SQL INSERT语句
MongoDB insertOne() Statements
INSERT INTO people(user_id,
                  age,
                  status)
VALUES ("bcd001",
        45,
        "A")
db.people.insertOne(
   { user_id: "bcd001", age: 45, status: "A" }
)
有关更多信息，请参见db.collection.insertOne()。
也可以看看：
​Insert Documents​
​db.collection.insertMany()​
​Databases and Collections​
​Documents​
选择
下表展示了与从表中读取记录相关的各种SQL语句以及相应的MongoDB语句。
注意
除非通过投影明确排除，否则[find()方法始终在返回的文档中包含_id字段。 下面的某些SQL查询可能包含一个_id字段来反映这一点，即使该字段未包含在相应的find()查询中也是如此。
SQL SELECT 语句
MongoDB find() 语句
SELECT 
*FROM people
db.people.find()
SELECT id,
       user_id,
       status
FROM people
db.people.find(
     { },
     { user_id: 1, status: 1 }
)
SELECT user_id, status
FROM people
db.people.find(
     { },
     { user_id: 1, status: 1, _id: 0 }
)
SELECT 
FROM people
*WHERE status = "A"
db.people.find(
     { status: "A" }
)
SELECT user_id, status
FROM people
WHERE status = "A"
db.people.find(
     { status: "A" },
     { user_id: 1, status: 1, _id: 0 }
)
SELECT 
FROM people
*WHERE status != "A"
db.people.find(
     { status: { $ne: "A" } }
)
SELECT 
FROM people
WHERE status = "A"
*AND age = 50
db.people.find(
     { status: "A",
       age: 50 }
)
SELECT 
FROM people
WHERE status = "A"
*OR age = 50
db.people.find(
     { $or: [ { status: "A" } , { age: 50 } ] }
)
SELECT 
FROM people
*WHERE age > 25
db.people.find(
     { age: { $gt: 25 } }
)
SELECT 
FROM people
*WHERE age < 25
db.people.find(
    { age: { $lt: 25 } }
)
SELECT 
FROM people
WHERE age > 25
*AND   age <= 50
db.people.find(
    { age: { $gt: 25, $lte: 50 } }
)
SELECT 
FROM people
WHERE user_id *like "%bc%"
db.people.find( { userid: /bc/ } )
_or
db.people.find( { user_id: { $regex: /bc/ } } )
SELECT 
FROM people
WHERE user_id *like "bc%"
db.people.find( { userid: /^bc/ } )
_or
db.people.find( { user_id: { $regex: /^bc/ } } )
SELECT 
FROM people
WHERE status = "A"
ORDER BY user_id *ASC
db.people.find( { status: "A" } ).sort( { user_id: 1 } )
SELECT 
FROM people
WHERE status = "A"
ORDER BY user_id *DESC
db.people.find( { status: "A" } ).sort( { user_id: -1 } )
SELECT COUNT()
*FROM people
db.people.count()
or
db.people.find().count()
SELECT COUNT(user_id)
FROM people
db.people.count( { userid: { $exists: true } } )
_or
db.people.find( { user_id: { $exists: true } } ).count()
SELECT COUNT()
FROM people
*WHERE age > 30
db.people.count( { age: { $gt: 30 } } )
or
db.people.find( { age: { $gt: 30 } } ).count()
SELECT DISTINCT(status)
FROM people
db.people.aggregate( [ { $group : { _id : "$status" } } ] )
or, for distinct value sets that do not exceed the BSON size limit
db.people.distinct( "status" )
SELECT 
FROM people
*LIMIT 1
db.people.findOne()
or
db.people.find().limit(1)
SELECT 
FROM people
*LIMIT 5
SKIP 10
db.people.find().limit(5).skip(10)
EXPLAIN SELECT 
FROM people
*WHERE status = "A"
db.people.find( { status: "A" } ).explain()
有关使用的方法和运算符的更多信息，请参见：
​
​
.db.collection.find()​
.$ne​
.db.collection.distinct()​
.$and​
.db.collection.findOne()​
.$or​
.limit()​
.$gt​
.skip()​
.$lt​
.explain()​
.$exists​
.sort()​
.$lte​
.count()​
.$regex​
另看：
​Query Documents​
​Query and Projection Operators​
​mongo Shell Methods​
更新记录
下表显示了与更新表中的现有记录和相应的MongoDB语句有关的各种SQL语句。
SQL Update Statements
MongoDB updateMany() Statements
UPDATE people
SET status = "C"
WHERE age > 25
db.people.updateMany(
   { age: { $gt: 25 } },
   { $set: { status: "C" } }
)
UPDATE people
SET age = age + 3
WHERE status = "A"
db.people.updateMany(
       { status: "A" } ,
       { $inc: { age: 3 } }
)
有关示例中使用的方法和运算符的更多信息，请参见：
​db.collection.updateMany()​
​$gt​
​$set​
​$inc​
另看：
​Update Documents​
​Update Operators​
​db.collection.updateOne()​
​db.collection.replaceOne()​
删除记录
下表显示了与从表中删除记录和相应的MongoDB语句有关的各种SQL语句。
SQL Delete Statements
MongoDB deleteMany() Statements
DELETE FROM people
WHERE status = "D"
db.people.deleteMany( { status: "D" } )
DELETE FROM people
db.people.deleteMany({})
获得更多信息，请参见：db.collection.deleteMany().
另看：
​Delete Documents​
​db.collection.deleteOne()​
进一步阅读
如果您正在考虑将SQL应用程序迁移到MongoDB，请下载《 MongoDB应用程序现代化指南》。
下载内容包括以下资源：
演示使用MongoDB进行数据建模的方法
白皮书涵盖了从RDBMS数据模型迁移到MongoDB的最佳实践和注意事项
参考MongoDB模式及其等效RDBMS
应用程序现代化记分卡
译者：杨帅
校对：杨帅

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SQL Schema语句	MongoDB Schema语句
CREATE TABLE people ( id MEDIUMINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, user_id Varchar(30), age Number, status char(1), PRIMARY KEY (id) )	隐式创建的第一个`insertOne()`或`insertMany()`操作。如果没有指定_id字段，则会自动添加主键_id。 db.people.insertOne( { user_id: "abc123", age: 55, status: "A" } ) 但是，您也可以显式地创建一个集合: db.createCollection("people")
ALTER TABLE people ADD join_date DATETIME	集合不描述或不强制其文件结构；即在集合级别没有结构上的更改。但是，在文档级别，updateMany()操作可以使用$set运算符将字段添加到现有文档中。 db.people.updateMany( { }, { $set: { join_date: new Date() } } )
ALTER TABLE people DROP COLUMN join_date	集合不描述或不强制其文件结构；即在集合级别没有结构上的更改。但是，在文档级别，updateMany()操作可以使用$unset运算符将字段添加到现有文档中。 db.people.updateMany( { }, { $unset: { "join_date": "" } } )
CREATE INDEX idx_user_id_asc ON people(user_id)	db.people.createIndex( { user_id: 1 } )
CREATE INDEX idx_user_id_asc_age_desc ON people(user_id, age DESC)	db.people.createIndex( { user_id: 1, age: -1 } )
DROP TABLE people	db.people.drop()

SQL SELECT 语句	MongoDB find() 语句
SELECT *FROM people	db.people.find()
SELECT id, user_id, status FROM people	db.people.find( { }, { user_id: 1, status: 1 } )
SELECT user_id, status FROM people	db.people.find( { }, { user_id: 1, status: 1, _id: 0 } )
SELECT *FROM* people *WHERE status = "A"	db.people.find( { status: "A" } )
SELECT user_id, status FROM people WHERE status = "A"	db.people.find( { status: "A" }, { user_id: 1, status: 1, _id: 0 } )
SELECT *FROM* people *WHERE status != "A"	db.people.find( { status: { $ne: "A" } } )
SELECT *FROM* people *WHERE* status = "A" *AND age = 50	db.people.find( { status: "A", age: 50 } )
SELECT *FROM* people *WHERE* status = "A" *OR age = 50	db.people.find( { $or: [ { status: "A" } , { age: 50 } ] } )
SELECT *FROM* people *WHERE age > 25	db.people.find( { age: { $gt: 25 } } )
SELECT *FROM* people *WHERE age < 25	db.people.find( { age: { $lt: 25 } } )
SELECT *FROM* people *WHERE* age > 25 *AND age <= 50	db.people.find( { age: { $gt: 25, $lte: 50 } } )
SELECT *FROM* people *WHERE* user_id like* "%bc%"	db.people.find( { userid: /bc/ } ) _or db.people.find( { user_id: { $regex: /bc/ } } )
SELECT *FROM* people *WHERE* user_id like* "bc%"	db.people.find( { userid: /^bc/ } ) _or db.people.find( { user_id: { $regex: /^bc/ } } )
SELECT *FROM* people *WHERE* status = "A" *ORDER* BY user_id *ASC	db.people.find( { status: "A" } ).sort( { user_id: 1 } )
SELECT *FROM* people *WHERE* status = "A" *ORDER* BY user_id *DESC	db.people.find( { status: "A" } ).sort( { user_id: -1 } )
SELECT COUNT() *FROM people	db.people.count() or db.people.find().count()
SELECT COUNT(user_id) FROM people	db.people.count( { userid: { $exists: *true* } } ) _or db.people.find( { user_id: { $exists: true } } ).count()
SELECT COUNT() *FROM* people *WHERE age > 30	db.people.count( { age: { $gt: 30 } } ) or db.people.find( { age: { $gt: 30 } } ).count()
SELECT DISTINCT(status) FROM people	db.people.aggregate( [ { $group : { _id : "$status" } } ] ) or, for distinct value sets that do not exceed the BSON size limit db.people.distinct( "status" )
SELECT *FROM* people *LIMIT 1	db.people.findOne() or db.people.find().limit(1)
SELECT *FROM* people *LIMIT 5 SKIP 10	db.people.find().limit(5).skip(10)
EXPLAIN SELECT *FROM* people *WHERE status = "A"	db.people.find( { status: "A" } ).explain()


.`db.collection.find()`	.`$ne`
.`db.collection.distinct()`	.`$and`
.`db.collection.findOne()`	.`$or`
.`limit()`	.`$gt`
.`skip()`	.`$lt`
.`explain()`	.`$exists`
.`sort()`	.`$lte`
.`count()`	.`$regex`

SQL Update Statements	MongoDB updateMany() Statements
UPDATE people SET status = "C" WHERE age > 25	db.people.updateMany( { age: { $gt: 25 } }, { $set: { status: "C" } } )
UPDATE people SET age = age + 3 WHERE status = "A"	db.people.updateMany( { status: "A" } , { $inc: { age: 3 } } )

SQL Delete Statements	MongoDB deleteMany() Statements
DELETE FROM people WHERE status = "D"	db.people.deleteMany( { status: "D" } )
DELETE FROM people	db.people.deleteMany({})

SQL术语/概念	MongoDB术语/概念
database	database
table	collection
row	document or BSON document
column	field
index	index
table joins	$lookup, 嵌入文档
primary key （指定任何唯一的列或列组合作为主键。）	primary key （在MongoDB中，主键自动设置为_id字段。）
aggregation (e.g. group by)	aggregation pipeline See the SQL to Aggregation Mapping Chart.
SELECT INTO NEW_TABLE	$out See the SQL to Aggregation Mapping Chart.
MERGE INTO TABLE	$merge (Available starting in MongoDB 4.2) See the SQL to Aggregation Mapping Chart.
Transactions	transactions 在许多情况下，非规范化数据模型（嵌入式文档和数组）将继续是您数据和用例的最佳选择，而不是多文档事务。也就是说，在许多情况下，对数据进行适当的建模将最大程度地减少对多文档交易的需求。

	MongoDB	MySQL	Oracle	Informix	DB2
Database Server	mongod	mysqld	oracle	IDS	DB2 Server
Database Client	mongo	mysql	sqlplus	DB-Access	DB2 Client


db.collection.insertOne()	db.collection.updateMany()	$set
db.collection.insertMany()	db.collection.createIndex()	$unset
db.createCollection()	db.collection.drop()

SQL INSERT语句	MongoDB insertOne() Statements
INSERT INTO people(user_id, age, status) VALUES ("bcd001", 45, "A")	db.people.insertOne( { user_id: "bcd001", age: 45, status: "A" } )